TNF and colorectal carcinoma: These findings collectively establish RA roburic acid’s anti-proliferative effects on CRC cells through NF-κB pathway inhibition roburic acid was found inhibited the phosphorylation of IKKα/β, IκBα and p65, degradation of IκBα, nuclear translocation of p65 and expression of NF-κB target gene, including that of XIAP, Mcl-1, and Survivin, in TNF-induced CRC cells and xenografted nude mice, indicated that inhibited the growth of human CRC cells was inhibited by roburic acid via inhibiting NF-κB signaling pathway (Figure 4) (Xu et al., 2022).