Administered via the nose-to-brain drug delivery (NBDD) pathway, BA-LP demonstrates significant brain targeting and enhanced bioavailability, thereby improving drug efficacy and offering a novel therapeutic strategy for ischemic stroke (Xiang et al., 2020) has been shown to mitigate allergic rhinitis (AR) symptoms in rat models by inhibiting the release of immunoglobulin E (IgE), histamine, interleukin-1β, interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (Chen et al., 2019). Here, TNF is linked to allergic rhinitis.