Nearly all patients with autoimmune PAP demonstrated high-titer anti-GM-CSF antibodies [21], and their presence is considered diagnostic, with reported sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 98%, respectively [22]. The patient’s markedly elevated antibody level, well above the approximate 5 μg/mL threshold observed in healthy individuals [23], confirmed the diagnosis. The gene discussed is CSF2; the disease is autoimmune pulmonary alveolar proteinosis.