Gemcitabine resistance in NSCLC involves multiple mechanisms as per autophagy suppression via impaired JNK-mediated Bcl-2 phosphorylation that limits autophagy-dependent cell death (36), enhancing activation of the PI3K/AKT/NF-κB pathway and reducing ROS-driven ERK signaling, with survival and proliferation boost as direct results (37). Here, AKT1 is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.