Traditional radiotherapy can trigger an inflammatory response in the lung tissue, leading to the massive release of inflammatory cytokines such as Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), etc. These inflammatory cytokines will recruit immune cells to the lung tissue, causing immune-related lung injuries, such as radiation pneumonitis (101, 102). This evidence concerns the gene TNF and radiation pneumonitis.