PER1 and osteoporosis: This may impact inflammatory bone diseases influenced by circadian rhythms, such as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, where osteoclast-mediated bone destruction is a significant factor.6,43 Further mechanistic studies on Per1-specific circadian regulation of osteoimmunology could lead to the identification of novel therapeutic options for the inflammatory bone diseases, in addition to non-inflammatory predispositions to osteoporosis caused by circadian disruption, as broader implications of this research.