Within the first ring, the proportion of CD68+ cells were 13.6±5.1%, 7.5±4.0%, 2.6±2.4%, and 1.3±0.4% compared with 6.2±4.2%, 1.6±1.5%, 0.4±0.5%, and 0.3±0.1% of the islet region for the type 1 diabetes ICI, type 1 diabetes IDI, Aab+, and non-diabetic groups, respectively (Fig. 2B). Here, CD68 is linked to type 1 diabetes mellitus.