STAT3 and cancer: A range of inhibitors targeting the IL - 6 signaling pathway—including monoclonal antibodies against IL - 6 or its receptor (e.g., tocilizumab, siltuximab), JAK inhibitors such as ruxolitinib, and STAT3-specific inhibitors like napabucasin—exhibit multifaceted potential in cancer therapy: they effectively suppress tumor growth, reverse the immune-inhibitory microenvironment, and synergize with immune checkpoint inhibitors to enhance anti-tumor immune responses (93).