TNF and neoplasm: This promotes recruitment of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and their differentiation into tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), ultimately fueling tumor progression via the IL - 6/transcription 3(IL - 6/STAT3) signaling axis (22).3)Inflammation and Epigenetic Regulation: Hyperactivity of the HPA axis and GR resistance attenuate suppression of NF-κB, resulting in sustained release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL - 6, TNF-α) that enhance tumor cell survival.