Hyperglycaemia induces oxidative stress and inflammatory responses through multiple pathways, including the polyol pathway, hexosamine pathway, protein kinase C (PKC) activation, angiotensin II (ANG-II) signalling and advanced glycation end product (AGE) accumulation, thereby driving microglial activation (Fig. 3) (60-63). The gene discussed is AGT; the disease is Hyperglycemia.