It also enhances CD8+ T cell cytotoxicity by stimulating the secretion of TNF‐α, IFN‐γ and granzyme B.60Furthermore, low‐dose radiation activates macrophages, polarising them into the M1 phenotype, which improves tumour phagocytosis and recruits additional immune cells through TNF‐α and IL‐12 secretion.61 Here, TNF is linked to neoplasm.