PLAGL1 and hereditary disease: Previous studies have shown that abnormal PLAGL1 function is responsible for transient neonatal diabetes mellitus (TNDM), a rare genetic disease that results from defective pancreas development, and suggested that PLAGL1 is associated with glucose metabolism.39,40 Additionally, IGF2 regulates bone growth through the modulation of glucose metabolism in chondrocytes.41,42 Based on these findings, we hypothesized that the deficiency of the PLAGL1-IGF2 signaling axis may lead to changes in glucose metabolism, impairing osteoblastic differentiation.