IRF1 and colitis: It is interesting to note that (as shown in Supplementary Table S3) a trans-QTL on chromosome 5q for LPP, PDLIM7, and VCAM1 contains CARINH (colitis-associated IRF1 antisense regulator of intestinal homeostasis, formerly IRF1-AS1) that has been shown to protect against colitis in a mouse model by promoting expression of the interferon regulatory factor Irf1.38