As expected, infection with cagPAI-positive H. pylori strains (N6, 60190) activated all analyzed TLRs, and increased the reporter activity relative to the uninfected and parental controls by approximately 22-fold (TLR1/2), 20-fold (TLR2), 4-fold (TLR4), 12-fold (TLR5), 11-fold (TLR9) and 6-fold (TLR10). This evidence concerns the gene TLR5 and infection.