Enrichment analysis of differentially regulated genes from transcriptome further demonstrated the critical signaling pathways during EBV infection, including cell cycle, NF-κB signaling, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling (Fig. 2g), which are well-established pathways associated with EBV infection and its ability to drive proliferation (29). The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is Epstein-Barr virus infection.