TNF and neoplasm: For instance, one study suggests that tumor bud‐derived CCL5 can recruit fibroblasts and promote colorectal cancer progression.[37] Additionally, gastric cancer cell‐derived CCL5 can recruit TAMs and enhance TNF‐α secretion, thereby increasing lymphatic vessel permeability and facilitating lymphatic metastasis of tumor cells.[38] The role of CCL5 remains controversial in ESCC, too.