While some studies indicate anti‐tumor effects in ESCC,[39] others show that tumor‐derived CCL5 recruits tumor‐associated fibroblasts and promotes tumor growth.[40] Single‐cell profiling of ESCC patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemo‐immunotherapy revealed extensive interactions between CCL5 and its receptor CCR5 in various immune cells within pathological complete response (pCR) tumors.[41] Herein, we delineate the immune landscape of ESCC tumors in the context of clinical responses to immunochemotherapy. The gene discussed is CCL5; the disease is neoplasm.