PNPLA3 and hepatocellular carcinoma: We developed a GRS based on the presence of risk-increasing alleles in PNPLA3, MBOAT7, TM6SF2, and HSD17B13. In addition, we examined the correlation between GRS and immune modulation represented by cytokine levels in MASLD-related cirrhotic HCC and cirrhosis, with the goal of defining improved risk-assessment tools incorporating genetic and immune markers as well as helping understand the underlying mechanisms of HCC progression in this setting.