TNF and colorectal carcinoma: Additionally, elevated levels of inflammatory markers were observed in the CRC group, including C-reactive protein (CRP: 9.8 mg/L vs. 4.1 mg/L, P<0.01), interleukin-6 (IL-6: 14.5 pg/mL vs. 6.2 pg/mL, P<0.01), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α: 9.2 pg/mL vs. 4.3 pg/mL, P<0.01), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β: 5.8 pg/mL vs. 3.6 pg/mL, P<0.01).