Kuru et al. demonstrated that gingivitis patients pretreated with Bifidobacterium lactis exhibited significantly reduced IL-1β levels and elevated IL-10 concentrations in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) compared to untreated controls (77); In vitro have further demonstrated the inhibitory effects of Bifidobacterium strains on periodontal pathogens, including Porphyromonas gingivalis (78). Here, IL1B is linked to gingivitis.