At the biological pathway level, the core trigger for metabolic diseases is the bidirectional feedback between “blood glucose fluctuations and neuroendocrine activation”: asymptomatic nocturnal hypoglycemia directly triggers nocturnal awakenings through sympathetic nerve activation (33), while long-term sleep deprivation exacerbates insulin resistance via HPA axis dysfunction (34). The gene discussed is INS; the disease is Hypoglycemia.