IGF1 and major depressive disorder: Subtype-specific analyses showed MOA was causally associated with 4 diseases (AD, CeAD, CAD, LAS) and delayed AFS as an exposure, and influenced by breast cancer, celiac disease, TV watching, delayed AFS, increased schooling, and physiological parameters (DBP, PP, serum calcium, IGF-1) as an outcome; MWA demonstrated causal relationships with CeAD and LAS as an exposure, and associations with VTE, SLE, MDD, delayed AFS, coffee intake, and hemostatic markers as an outcome (p < 0.05 for all).