PPARGC1A and myocardial infarction: This study showed Wenxin Keli regulates AMPK, SIRT1, and PGC-1α in myocardial infarction-induced heart failure rats, restoring mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation by dual modulation of fatty acid/glucose pathways, distinct from trimetazidine, which primarily suppresses fatty acid metabolism (Aggarwal et al., 2022; Riehle and Abel, 2012).