Immunosuppressive drugs that can cause increased replication of the Leishmania parasite include corticosteroids, antimetabolites (such as Azathioprine or Methotrexate), calcineurine inhibitors (such as Cyclosporine), alkylating agents (such as Cyclophosphamide), TNF-α antagonists (such as Infliximab or Adalimumab), and certain monoclonal antibodies (such as Rituximab); chemotherapeutic agents used for hematologic malignancies can induce leishmaniasis reactivation as well [3]. Here, TNF is linked to leishmaniasis.