TNF and acute kidney injury: However, these levels were significantly reduced in the CLP + Cur group [TNF-α (mean difference: −897.4 pg/ml, 95% CI: −1162.2 to −632.6, P < 0.01); IL-1β (mean difference: −3308.7 mmol/l, 95% CI: −3925.3 to −2692.0, P < 0.01)], suggesting that curcumin may exert its renoprotective effects against SA-AKI by suppressing the inflammatory response.