PDCD1 and neoplasm: In the tobemstomig arm, baseline tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cell density (in tumor nests and stroma), CD3+ T cell density, LAG-3 protein expression, immune-related genes and gene signatures (including LAG-3, PDCD1, CD274, CD8 Teff, IFNγ pathway and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) pathway) were associated with MPR (P < 0.05) (Fig. 2c, Extended Data Fig. 4 and Supplementary Fig. 1).