We found that the CD4 T cell effector memory subset positively correlated with predicted lung function as measured by forced expiratory volume (FEV1) percent in the E-COPD group but not in NE-COPD or controls (Supplementary Fig. 8a), and no significant correlations have been observed in other CD4 subsets (Supplementary Fig. 8b–f). The gene discussed is CD4; the disease is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.