YBX1 and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: These findings are consistent with previous studies showing that YBX1 transcriptionally regulates SOX2 expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and renal cell carcinoma.[60, 61] Additionally, we found that the promotion of stemness and proliferation of GSCs induced by VRK1 overexpression can be inhibited by YBX1 knockdown, indicating that VRK1 regulates the stemness and proliferation of GSCs via YBX1.