ATF2 and neoplasm: VRK1, a nuclear serine/threonine kinase, binds to various chromosomal proteins, including histones, transcription factors, and DNA damage repair proteins, to form stable complexes.[25] As a chromatin kinase, VRK1 modulates the expression of multiple signaling molecules and transcription factors, such as tumor protein p53 (TP53),[26] activating transcription factor 2 (ATF2),[27] and c‐Jun,[28] which are implicated in tumor initiation and progression.