Socially isolated individuals exhibit elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and markers of systemic inflammation, such as soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptors, which are implicated in CKD pathogenesis.[47,48] Additionally, disruptions in the gut–immune–brain axis and neurochemical systems have been linked to the adverse health effects of social isolation, suggesting potential targets for future research[49]. The gene discussed is PLAUR; the disease is chronic kidney disease.