Elevated gut Proteobacteria correlate with HCC microvascular invasion (MVI)[123], intestinal inflammation/dysbiosis, and poor prognosis[124], while its tumor enrichment associates with increased AST (Aspartate Aminotransferase), ALT (Alanine Aminotransferase), and TBA levels, reflecting hepatic dysfunction[117]. Here, GPT is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.