Some studies have found that neutrophils and macrophages play a role in autoimmune diseases through interactions with the inflammasome.[61] Increased NETosis promoted macrophage inflammasome activation, thereby contributing to disease progression and activity in patients with lupus.[61] In this study, we found that NLRP3 expression in neutrophils was reduced following O. splanchnicus intervention. Here, NLRP3 is linked to systemic lupus erythematosus.