NFKB1 and Parkinson disease: Ru has been demonstrated to modify the composition of gut microbiota and metabolite profiles (particularly amino acid metabolism) in PD model mice, inhibit microglial activation to reduce the release of proinflammatory mediators, regulate the JNK/p38 MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway, mitigate oxidative stress, prevent neuronal apoptosis, and protect dopaminergic neurons while improving motor dysfunction (Meng et al., 2024).