In addition to intrinsic factors such as age, genetic predisposition, and detrimental lifestyle choices, hypertension is also associated with volume overload, heightened arterial stiffness, hyperactivity of the sympathetic nervous system, excessive activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), endothelial dysfunction, and the administration of erythropoietin (EPO) (Bansal et al., 2023). This evidence concerns the gene EPO and endothelial dysfunction.