TNF and Parkinson disease: For example, 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine is neurotoxic that can selectively damage neuron once oxidized to its active form, that is, MPP+ [177]; suppressing the expression of the lncRNA taurine‐upregulated gene 1 (TUG1) alleviated neuro‐inflammation by reducing tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and IL‐1β expression in MPP+‐induced cells, and miR‐152‐3p decreased pathological damages caused by ROS in the substantia nigra of Parkinson's disease in vivo by sponging TUG1 [178].