Current treatment strategies and goals for T1D are based on the results of The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) and its follow-up, the Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (EDIC) trial, which showed that intensive insulin therapy to achieve glycemic control as close to normoglycemia as possible improves cardiovascular risk factors and effectively delays the onset and progression of microvascular and macrovascular complications, with benefits that persist for decades and are associated with reduced all-cause mortality (137). This evidence concerns the gene INS and type 1 diabetes mellitus.