TGFB1 and pulmonary fibrosis: Cai et al. proposed an “MSI2–ZEB1 axis inhibition” strategy that targets MSI2 or directly suppresses ZEB1, offering a novel anti-EMT intervention to halt fibrosis and potentially synergise with antioxidative or anti-TGF-β therapies, thereby opening translational avenues for radiation-induced and other forms of pulmonary fibrosis (115).