The PROfound trial included patients with either a BRCA1/2, ATM, BRIP1, BARD1, CDK12, CHEK1, CHEK2, FANCL, PALB2, PPP2R2A, RAD51B, RAD51C, RAD51D, or RAD54L mutation in the tumor tissue and compared the use of olaparib versus a control group receiving enzalutamide or abiraterone + prednisone. The gene discussed is CHEK2; the disease is neoplasm.