RET and thyroid gland carcinoma: Recent studies have focused on mutations in specific genes that play key roles in the pathogenesis of thyroid cancer.[5,6] Molecular biomarkers, such as BRAF V600E, RAS, RET/PTC, and PAX8/PPARγ chromosomal rearrangements, as well as phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit α, tumor protein p53, RAC-α serine/threonine-protein kinase 1, and telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), play a crucial role in the diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring of advanced thyroid cancer.[7]