When these functions diminish, it indicates the presence of insulin resistance.[8] The latter manifests in various forms: early insulin secretion deficiency, first-phase insulin secretion deficiency, abnormalities in the conversion of proinsulin to insulin, and alterations in insulin secretion patterns.[9,10] As T2DM progresses naturally, it typically shows progressively elevated blood glucose levels, progressively reduced insulin secretion, and persistent insulin resistance. Here, INS is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.