In a study on patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure, it was shown that G-CSF therapy improved liver function, demonstrated by reduced Child-Turcotte-Pugh, Model for End-Stage Liver Disease and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment scores.[6] In animal models with liver damage, G-CSF was found to facilitate hematopoietic stem cell mobilization from the bone marrow and their migration to the liver, where they may differentiate into hepatocyte-like or supporting cell types. This evidence concerns the gene CSF3 and acute-on-chronic liver failure.