TNF and anemia: Post-hoc subgroup analysis showed no significant differences between anemic and non-anemic patients in CAP reduction (–60 ± 16 vs. –63 ± 14 dB/m, P = 0.48) or TNF-α change (–21 ± 7 vs. –24 ± 5 pg/mL, P = 0.32), indicating that anemia did not significantly influence response to the hypocaloric diet.