EGFR and lung cancer: In clinical treatment, targeted therapies and immunotherapies have significantly improved outcomes in patients with lung cancer.[3, 4] For example, targeted therapies, such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), are designed to selectively inhibit specific oncogenic genetic alterations, such as mutations in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), which are pivotal drivers of tumorigenesis.