MTOR and acute kidney injury: Furthermore, use of DEX exhibited protective mechanisms on AKI via regulating multiple signaling pathways as α2-adrenoreceptor/AMPK/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT), and GSK‐3β/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) [92-94].