CDH11 and rheumatoid arthritis: Clinical studies targeting fibroblasts in people with RA have not so far yielded success; for example both RG6125, an antibody that binds cadherin-11 expressed by synovial fibroblasts and ASP5094, an antibody directed against integrin α9, also highly expressed by RA synovial fibroblasts, did not show efficacy in phase 2a trials (Németh et al, 2022; Tsaltskan and Firestein, 2022; Qian et al, 2024).