NINJ1 and infection: Actually, NINJ1 has already been reported to be a mediator of PANoptosis induced by comorbid heat stress and infection.24 In that model, ablation of NINJ1 rescued BMDMs from cell death and did not impair the inflammasome-dependent release of IL-1β and IL-18.24 Although IAV infection and heatstroke are similar in that PANoptosis induced by both are initiated by ZBP1,25 it is unknown whether NINJ1 functions similarly during IAV infection.