IGFBP5 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: GO analysis of genes upregulated in the T2D-βobese-DEGAS cluster showed enrichment for hormone transport and secretion pathways (e.g. IGFBP5, UCN3, G6PC2) and inflammatory/immune-related pathways (e.g. HLA-A/B/E, STAT3) (Figure 6F).