Notably, in men with obesity and DM2, the genes up-regulated due to bright light include fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1), vasorin (VASN), ribonuclease A family member 1 (RNASE1), pappalysin 1 (PAPPA), Interleukin 7 (IL7), and fatty acid binding protein 3 (FABP3) (Figure 3A–C, Supplementary Table S2). Here, PAPPA is linked to obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.