INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Although some studies suggest that PRDX2 deficiency can paradoxically enhance insulin signaling and glucose uptake via altered protein tyrosine phosphatase [56], others have shown increased PRDX2 abundance following exercise, particularly in erythrocytes from obese individuals with type 2 diabetes, where it may act as a compensatory antioxidant mechanism to restore redox balance and improve insulin responsiveness [57].