TNF and infection: Infection with A. fumigatus strongly induced vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) and proinflammatory markers such as CXCL8, CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11, TNF, CCL20, IL1A, and IL1B compared to control (Fig. 2C, right part; Fig. S1A and B).