CXCL16 and pulmonary artery enlargement: A key consequence of PAE is the alteration of cytokine and chemokine pathways, such as CCL2 (Chang et al., 2018; Pascual et al., 2017; Zhang & Luo, 2019), CX3CL1 (Bachstetter et al., 2011; Cardona et al., 2006; Pascual et al., 2017; Roberson et al., 2011), and CXCL16 (Juárez-Rodríguez et al., 2020; Lepore et al., 2018; Rosito et al., 2012, 2014).