PADI4 and diabetes mellitus: Before starting HFHD treatment, significantly lower levels of the PAD4 marker were noted in patients with diabetes than in those without diabetes (P = 0.03, n = 10) (Figure 2b), whereas NE (P = 0.8, n = 9) and dsDNA (P = 0.27, n = 10) were not significantly different between the 2 groups (Supplementary Figure S3B).