Patients without diabetes showed a significant increase in the following markers: dsDNA (P = 0.04, n = 10), H3 (P = 0.02, n = 10), and NE (P = 0.03, n = 9) (Figure 1b); whereas PAD4 (P = 0.07, n = 10) and MPO (P = 0.9, n = 10), were not statistically different (Supplementary Figure S2A). Here, PADI4 is linked to diabetes mellitus.