Its expression undergoes significant upregulation following viral infection or immune stimulation, mediated through critical signaling pathways IFN(Interferon), NF-κB(Nuclear Factor kappa B), TBK-1(TANK-Binding Kinase 1), and IKK-ɛ(Inhibitor of Nuclear Factor Kappa-B Kinase Subunit ɛ). The gene discussed is TBK1; the disease is viral infectious disease.